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Fig. 4. Changes in the number of culturable E. coli in soils amended with manure after freezing at –15°C for 4 d. For delayed freezing, soils amended with manure were incubated at 4°C for 4 d and then frozen. For immediate freezing, soils were frozen immediately after addition of manure. Changes in the numbers of culturable E. coli in the manure-amended soils are calculated by subtracting the number of culturable E. coli after freezing from the number of culturable E. coli before freezing. Bars represent 95% CI; N = 4 for each treatment.
