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Fig. 3. Theoretical dimensionless temperature responses versus water flux for continuous heating (filled circles), for a 15-s heat pulse using the maximum dimensionless temperature increase difference (MDTD) method (open circles), and for a 15-s heat pulse using the ratio method (filled triangles). Thermal conductivity was 1.5 W m–1 K–1, volumetric heat capacity was 2.5 MJ m–3 K–1, needle spacing was 6 mm, and for the continuous heating scenario dimensionless temperature increase difference after 3600 s is shown.
