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Fig. 1. Mine soil study area used in 1980 and 2002 at the head of the Powell River in Wise County, Virginia. The older (1980) mapping study was confined to lands directly affected by mining (highwall–bench–outslopes) and therefore did not develop mapping unit concepts for the relatively undisturbed forested sideslopes occurring between the four mined bench levels shown. The 2002 mapping area outlined above was extensively remined in the 1980s and 1990s, which resulted in drastic disturbance of the vast majority of the landscape.
