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Fig. 4. Scaled frequency as a function of volumetric water content as measured in the field (dots) and as calculated with a combination of the electric circuit model for lossy media and the empirical 
(
) relationship of Malicki et al. (1996) (lines). Calculations assume no dielectric losses and 
w = 30, 60, and 90 dS m–1 combined with s = 60 dS m–1. The tortuosity factor of Rhoades et al. (1976) and the tortuosity factor derived from the gas diffusion model of Marshall (1959) are used to calculate bulk electrical conductivity.
