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Fig. 5. Residuals of the Arrhenius equation versus (a) gravimetric water contents predicted by direct current half-bridge sensors in the Oi and Oe/Oa horizons and (b) volumetric water content of the mineral soil at the 5-cm depth measured with time domain reflectometry sensors. Positive residuals indicate an underestimation of soil respiration by the temperature function when water contents are high and negative residuals indicate an overestimation of soil respiration by the temperature function when water contents are low. Data were obtained from field measurements at the Harvard Forest.