Fig. 8. Relationship between ammonium concentration ratio (CR_NH4) and ammonium on the exchange phase (E_NH4) of hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite (HIV) in the presence and absence of K (ternary exchange equivalent fractions were calculated utilizing cation-exchange capacity (CEC) as the sum of all three cations, NH⁺₄, K⁺, and Ca²⁺, on the exchange phase).

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