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Tectonic Inclusions in Serpentinite Landscapes Contribute Plant Nutrient Calcium

Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Pedon sampling locations from Henneke soil series (clayey-skeletal, magnesic, thermic Lithic Argixerolls) map units within six California soil survey areas.

View larger version (50K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mineralogical properties of Tehama County parent material: (A) x-ray diffractograms of interstratified chlorite–vermiculite, grossularite, diopside, and pumpellyite; (B) photomicrograph under crossed polarizers—the garnets (GN) are isotropic dark purplish black tightly packed small interlocking euhedral crystals and the ilmenite (IL) is brown; (C) backscatter electron (BSE) micrograph of diopside (Di), titanite (Tt), ilmenite (IL), and garnet (grossularite, GN); and (D) BSE micrograph of lighter gray pumpellyite (PU) intergrown into darker gray interstratified chlorite–vermiculite (CL-VR) upper left and center, with smaller masses of euhedral grossularite garnet crystals (GN) lower center but predominantly tightly packed and interlocked into larger masses (lower right).

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Energy dispersive x-ray spectra (EDX) of Tehama County parent material minerals: (A) grossularite demonstrating some inclusion of Ti; (B) diopside; (C) pumpellyite; (D) titanite; (E) ilmenite; and (F) chlorite–vermiculite.

View larger version (45K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mineralogical properties of Napa County parent material: (A) x-ray diffractograms of vermiculite and albite plagioclase; (B) backscatter electron micrograph of Napa County parent material (Di = diopside, P = plagioclase feldspar, VR = vermiculite); (C) energy dispersive x-ray spectra (EDX) of Napa County parent material plagioclase; (D) EDX of Napa County parent material diopside; and (E) EDX of Napa County parent material vermiculite.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mineralogical properties of Shasta County parent material: (A) x-ray diffractograms of serpentine, talc, and chlorite; and (B) energy dispersive x-ray spectra of calcic clinoamphibole (tremolite).

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Mineralogical properties of Glenn County parent material: (A) x-ray diffractograms of serpentine and magnetite; and (B) energy dispersive x-ray spectra of enstatite.

View larger version (102K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Mineralogical properties of Kings County parent material: (A) x-ray diffractograms of serpentine, andradite, and magnetite; (B) backscatter electron (BSE) micrograph of talc (TA) among serpentine (SY) of varying shades of gray—bright white spots are either magnetite or andradite garnet; (C) photomicrograph shown in plane-polarized light of a mass of talc (TA), dark magnetite (MG), and individual dodecahedral crystals of andradite garnet (GN) in a serpentine (SY) matrix; and (D) BSE micrograph with bright white magnetite and andradite garnet among serpentine.

View larger version (8K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Energy dispersive x-ray spectra of Kings County parent material minerals: (A) talc; (B) serpentine; (C) andradite garnet; and (D) magnetite.

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Mineralogical properties of San Benito County parent material: (A) x-ray diffractogram of serpentine; (B) photomicrograph under plane-polarized light of serpentine (SY) with opaque inclusions (15-mm-wide field of view); and (C) backscatter electron micrograph increased contrast and lowered brightness eliminates outlines of serpentine (SY) crystals that dominate the parent material but distinguishes between chromite spinel (SP) at center surrounded by chrome-rich andradite garnet (GN), while lightest gray is magnetite (MT).

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Energy dispersive x-ray spectra of San Benito County parent material: (A) chromite spinel; (B) chrome-rich andradite; and (C) magnetite.