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Influence of Soil Moisture Content on Soil Solution Composition

^a School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, Univ. of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
^b School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), Univ. of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of soil moisture content on the soil solution ionic strength (top) and pH (bottom) for several Vertisols (V, left) and an Oxisol (O, right); S = saline, G = gypsiferous, C = calcareous. Ionic strength estimated from the electrical conductivity. The solid gray lines without data represent the expected ionic strength that would result from a decrease in moisture content without any interaction with the soil solid phase. The vertical bars represent the standard deviations from the mean of four replicates.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of soil moisture content on the composition of the soil solution of a saline Vertisol (V-S, left), a saline gypsiferous Vertisol (V-SG, middle), and a gypsiferous Vertisol (V-G, right). The dotted lines without data represent the expected ionic strength that would result from a decrease in moisture content without any interaction with the soil solid phase. The vertical bars represent the standard deviations from the mean of four replicates.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of soil moisture content on the composition of the soil solution of an Oxisol with no amendment (left), an Oxisol with NaCl added at 1 g kg–1 (middle), and an Oxisol with CaSO4·2H2O added at 10 g kg–1 (right). The dotted lines without data represent the expected ionic strength that would result from a decrease in moisture content without any interaction with the soil solid phase. The vertical bars represent the standard deviations from the mean of four replicates.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of soil moisture content on the difference between the expected cation and anion concentrations and the measured cation and anion concentrations in the soil solution of an Oxisol with NaCl added at 1 g kg–1 [O-S(1)] and an Oxisol with NaCl added at 2 g kg–1 [O-S(2)]. The expected cation and anion concentrations were calculated from the Na and Cl added, the moisture content of the soil, and the soil solution cation and anion concentrations of the Oxisol with no NaCl added.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of soil moisture content on the soil solution cation composition per unit mass (total cations = Ca + Mg + Na + K, divalent cations = Ca + Mg, monovalent cations = Na + K) of soil for several Vertisols (V, left) and an Oxisol (O, right); S = saline, G = gypsiferous, C = calcareous, S(1) = NaCl added at 1 g kg–1, S(2) = NaCl added at 2 g kg–1.

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effect of soil moisture content (presented as the square root of the volume of water in the soil [v, L/kg]) on the Na and Ca ratio (where Na and Ca are the number of millimoles of the ion present in the soil solution of volume v [see Khasawneh and Adams (1967) for details]) for several Vertisols (V, left) and an Oxisol (O, right); S = saline, G = gypsiferous, C = calcareous, S(1) = NaCl added at 1 g kg–1, S(2) = NaCl added at 2 g kg–1.