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Agroforestry and Grass Buffer Effects on Pore Characteristics Measured by High-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography

^a Center of Agroforestry, and Dep. of Soil Environ. and Atmospheric Sci., School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
^b Dep. of Soil, Environ. and Atmospheric Sci., School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
^c Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Topographic map of the agroforestry watershed with 0.5-m elevation interval contour lines (black lines, elevation values are in m units), agroforestry buffers (gray, trees + grass), and sampling region (superimposed box). A grass waterway (wide black) is located at the outflow end of the watershed. The inset maps show the location of Missouri in the United States and the location of the watershed in Knox County, Missouri (after Seobi et al., 2005).

View larger version (92K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Two-dimensional projections of single (one slice) or multiple (10, 20, and 30) images for minimum intensity projection values for row crop, grass buffer, and agroforestry buffer treatments showing visible pores in the images. The white areas within images are Mn or Fe concretions and the black areas within images are air-filled pores; is the relative attenuation.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Number of paths vs. number of branch clusters for row crop, grass buffer, and agroforestry buffer treatments. Solid lines show the relationship between the two parameters. Filled and unfilled symbols denote Replications 1 and 2, respectively.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Probability density distributions vs. coordination number for the two replications of row crop (RC1 and RC3), grass buffer (GB4 and GB5), and agroforestry buffer (AG4 and AG5) treatments. Coordination number (CN) is the number of curve segments meeting at the vertex and Co is the characteristic coordination number constant, which is the value in each equation.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Probability density distributions vs. pore path length for the two replications of row crop (RC1 and RC3), grass buffer (GB4 and GB5), and agroforestry buffer (AG4 and AG5) treatments. Path length (PL) is the length of the path between adjacent connected nodal pores and PLo is the characteristic path length constant, which is the value in each equation.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Probability density (solid points) vs. path tortuosity and cumulative probability density (solid line) vs. path tortuosity for row crop (RC1 and RC3), grass buffer (GB4 and GB5), and agroforestry buffer (AG4 and AG5) treatments. Vertical lines indicate the average path tortuosity.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Probability density distributions vs. nodal pore volume (left) and effective pore radii (right) for row crop (RC1 and RC3), grass buffer (GB4 and GB5), and agroforestry buffer (AG4 and AG5) treatments. The mean pore volume of the two replications is depicted by the dotted line.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Probability density distributions vs. throat area (left) and throat radii (right) for row crop (RC1 and RC3), grass buffer (GB4 and GB5), and agroforestry buffer (AG4 and AG5) treatments.