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Estimating the Influence of Nitrogen Transformations on Nitrate Leaching in Soils

^a Dep. of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural Univ., Key Lab. of Plant–Soil Interactions, MOE, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
^b State Key Lab. of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan Univ., Wuhan 430072, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Rainfall and irrigation distributions during the study period.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Standard deviation of soil water matric potential averaged with time.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Water content distributions in (A) Profile A and (B) Profile B during the study period.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Nitrate-N concentrations initially (17 Mar. 1999) and at the end of the experiment (29 Sept. 1999) through (A) Profile A and (B) Profile B.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Ammonia volatilization during the summer maize growing period.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Net mineralization of N during the study period.

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Weighting factor () for estimating leaching from different sources, determined with the bisectional method.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Relative error of estimated leaching concentration of NO3–N at the 2-m depth in Profile B, determined using four methods: Method 1, considering both the transient water flow condition and the source–sink terms; Method 2, considering the transient flow condition only; Method 3, considering neither the transient water flow condition nor the source–sink terms; and Method 4, considering the source–sink terms only.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Measured and estimated cumulative leaching amounts of NO3–N at the 2-m depth in Profile B, determined using four methods: Method 1, considering both the transient water flow condition and the source–sink terms; Method 2, considering the transient flow condition only; Method 3, considering neither the transient water flow condition nor the source–sink terms; and Method 4, considering the source–sink terms only.

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Estimated leaching concentration of NO3–N at the 2-m depth in Profile B attributable to (A) applied N and (B) residual N.