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Dairy Manure Type, Application Rate, and Frequency Impact Plants and Soils

^a College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100094, China
^b USDA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706

View larger version (43K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effects of manure application rate (recommended rate, R1, or twice the recommended rate, R2) on Harvest 1 (oat) dry matter (DM) and N uptake (within a soil type, application rate bar means having different letters differ at P < 0.05).

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effects of manure application frequency (before first crop, F1, or before first and second crops, F1 + F2) and rate (recommended rate, R1, or twice the recommended rate, R2) on Harvest 2 (sorghum) dry matter (DM) and N uptake (within a soil type and application rate, application frequency bar means having different lowercase letters differ at P < 0.05; within a soil type and application frequency, application rate means followed by different uppercase letters differ at P < 0.05).

View larger version (31K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effects of manure application frequency (before first crop, F1, before first and second crops, F1 + F2, or before all three crops, F1 + F2 + F3) and rate (recommended rate, R1, or twice the recommended rate, R2) on Harvest 3 (sorghum ratoon) dry matter (DM) and N uptake (within a soil type and application rate, application frequency bar means having different lowercase letters differ at P < 0.05; within a soil type and application frequency, application rate bar means having different uppercase letters differ at P < 0.05).

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effects of manure application frequency on manure N use efficiency (MNUE) (across a soil type, application frequency bar means having different lowercase letters differ at P < 0.05; within an application frequency, soil MNUE bar means having different uppercase letters differ at P < 0.05).