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Pore Shrinkage Dependency of Inorganic and Organic Soils on Wetting and Drying Cycles

^a Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts Univ., Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118, Kiel, Germany
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824

View larger version (157K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrograph features of the four investigated soils.

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in void ratio of the four soils on intensity, frequency, and sequence of wetting and drying cycles. Bars are the standard deviations. See Table 2 for treatment definitions.

View larger version (32K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in moisture ratio of the four soils on intensity, frequency, and sequence of wetting and drying cycles. Bars are the standard deviations. See Table 2 for treatment definitions. See Table 2 for treatment definitions.

View larger version (42K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Distribution of large (>50 µm), medium (0.6–50 µm), and fine (<0.6 µm) pores of the four soils at saturation after wetting and drying cycles. Bars are the standard deviations. Different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significant difference of total pores between treatments at P < 0.05. See Table 2 for treatment definitions.

View larger version (40K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) of large (>50 µm), medium (0.6–50 µm), and fine (<0.6 µm) pores of the four soils after wetting and drying cycles. Bars are the standard deviations. Different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significant difference of total COLE between treatments at P < 0.05. See Table 2 for treatment definitions.

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Shrinkage index of total large (>50 µm), medium (0.6–50 µm), and fine (<0.6 µm) pores of the four soils after wetting and drying cycles. Bars are the standard deviations. Different uppercase letters on the bars indicate significant difference between pore sizes at P < 0.05. Different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significant difference between treatments at P < 0.05. See Table 2 for treatment definitions.

View larger version (35K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. The changes in the water potential vs. void ratio relationship of the four soils as a function of the intensity, frequency, and sequence of wetting and drying cycles. The whole dryness is composed of 0 to –1000 kPa water potential, air dryness for 2, 4, and 7 d, and oven dryness at 30, 60, and 105°C. Bars are the standard deviations. See Table 2 for treatment definitions.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Changes in the soil shrinkage curves of the four soils as a function of the intensity, frequency, and sequence of wetting and drying cycles. The dots are the lines fitted by Eq. [1]. See Table 2 for treatment definitions.