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Pressure Head Profile within Growing Fingers in Initially Dry Glass Beads

Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata Univ., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan

View larger version (32K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for infiltration into layered glass beads.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Water characteristic curves and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for the 0.4-mm glass beads. Marks indicate the measured data. Solid and broken lines are best fit of Eq. [1], whose parameters are given in Table 3.

View larger version (91K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Photographs of the column cross-section 10 cm above the bottom. Dark portions indicate finger cross-sections. Inner diameter of the columns was 39 mm, and the length of porous cups inserted was 5 mm as illustrated in No. 3.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Temporal changes in infiltration rate for Runs no. 3 and 5. Starting point (Time = 0) corresponds with the arrival of the wetting front at the interlayer plane.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Temporal changes in fingertip position for the fastest finger of experimental Runs no. 1 to 5. Gradients of these lines show the fingertip velocity.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Temporal change in the pressure head at the interlayer plane for experimental Runs no. 1 to 5. Starting point (Time = 0) corresponds with the arrival of the wetting front at the interlayer plane.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Comparison of pressure head vs. time (h/t) predicted by the prefingered model, Eq. [5] of Cho et al. (2005), and measured pressure head values at the interlayer plane for (a) Run no. 3, and (b) Run no. 5.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Temporal changes in the pressure head within the growing finger for (a) Run no. 3, and (b) Run no. 5. Marks indicate measured pressure heads, lines indicate predicted ones by the similarity solution (Selker et al., 1992b). For run no. 3, the lines "E" were predicted by assuming fingertip velocity v = 0.157 cm s–1; the line "E2" was predicted by assuming v = 0.210 cm s–1; "M" signifies measured values.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Measured pressure head vs. depth (h/z) within the growing finger for (a) Run no. 3, and (b) Run no. 5.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Comparison of pressure head profiles predicted by the similarity solution (Selker et al., 1992b) and measured ones for (a) Run no. 3, and (b) Run no. 5. Points "M" and lines "E" show the measured pressure heads and those predicted by the similarity solution, respectively.