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An Improved Approach for Measurement of Coupled Heat and Water Transfer in Soil Cells

^a Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
^b Dep. of Soil and Water, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100094 China
^c USDA-ARS, Univ. of Minnesota, 1991 Buford Cir., St. Paul, MN 55108

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Water characteristic curves for the experimental soils ( = water content).

View larger version (40K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The closed soil cell. The diagram represents a cross-section of the closed soil drawn approximately to scale.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Steady-state temperature (T) distributions at 22.5°C gradient mean temperature. Lines represent temperature distributions obtained after 96-h application of imposed temperature gradients (o = initial water contents).

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Steady-state temperature (T) distributions for 100°C m–1 temperature gradients. Lines represent temperature distributions obtained after 96-h application of imposed temperature gradients (o = initial water contents).

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Regression of thermo-time domain reflectometry-measured water content vs. gravimetric water content (): (a) TDR determined (TDR); (b) heat pulse determined (HP); and (c) heat pulse measured corrected for initial moisture conditions (HP,). The number of points (n) included in the regression is indicated in each panel.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Paired temperature (T) and water content () distributions for silt loam. Plots show conditions after 96 h for 150°C m–1 temperature gradient at 30°C mean temperature. The dotted line represents a linear temperature distribution (o = initial water contents).

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Paired temperature (T) and water content () distributions for sand. Plots show conditions after 96 h for 150°C m–1 temperature gradient at 15°C mean temperature. The dotted line represents a linear temperature distribution (o = initial water contents). Note that different ranges are plotted in (a) and (b).

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Paired temperature (T) and thermal conductivity () distributions. Plots show conditions after 96 h for imposed boundary temperature conditions corresponding to Fig. 6 and 7a (o = initial water contents). The dotted line represents a linear temperature distribution.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Transient water content () distributions. Plots show conditions for the silt loam at an initial = 0.20 m3 m–3 after 96 h for each imposed temperature condition. Temperature conditions are indicated by the mean temperature, temperature gradient combination.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Temperature (T), water content (), and thermal conductivity () distributions following reversal of the temperature gradient for silt loam at initial = 0.10 m3 m–3. The temperature gradient direction was reversed at time = 0 h.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Temperature (T), water content (), and thermal conductivity () distributions following reversal of the temperature gradient for sand at initial = 0.08 m3 m–3. The temperature gradient direction was reversed at time = 0 h.