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Simultaneous Adsorption of Calcium and Sulfate and Its Effect on Their Movement

^a Massey Univ., P.O. Box 11222, Palmerston North, Manawatu 4442, New Zealand
^b HortResearch, Tennent Dr., Private Bag 11-030, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
^c Massey Univ., P.O. Box 11222, Palmerston North, Manawatu 4442, New Zealand
^d HortResearch, Tennent Dr., Private Bag 11-030, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. A schematic of the leaching apparatus used in the miscible displacement experiments.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Observed adsorption isotherms, where S is the adsorbed phase and C is the solution phase, for (a) SO42– and (b) Ca2+ using three different amounts of the counter ion in the added solution. Lines show adjusted Freundlich isotherms without considering ion-pair adsorption (IPA).

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Adsorption isotherms, where S is the adsorbed phase and C is the solution phase, for SO42– and Ca2+, added in equimolar amounts. Dots show observed data, bold lines represent S, and thin lines show the single adsorption component, SS, as estimated using (a and b) the particle governed approach, PGA, or (c and d) solution governed approach, SGA.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Measured breakthrough curves for (a) SO42– and (b) Ca2+, for the four experimental columns (PV = pore volumes). Columns E1 and E2 leached with CaSO4, E3 leached with K2SO4, and E4 with CaCl2 (see Table 2).

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Measured Cl– breakthrough curves for the four experimental columns; also shown is the adjusted model. Concentration is relative to the input solution (PV = pore volumes). Columns E1 and E2 leached with CaSO4, E3 leached with K2SO4, and E4 with CaCl2 (see Table 2).

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Measured (dots) and modeled (lines) breakthrough curves for SO42– and Ca2+ from (a and b) columns E1 and (c and d) E2 (leached with CaSO4). Ion-pair adsorption was described using (a and c) the particle governed approach, PGA, and (b and d) solution governed approach, SGA (PV = pore volumes).