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A Simple Technique for Measuring Wetting Front Depths for Selected Soils

^a USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Lab., 598 McElroy Dr., Oxford, MS 38655
^b Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853
^c USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Lab., 598 McElroy Dr., Oxford, MS 38655
^d Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853
^e Dep. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677

View larger version (145K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) A view of the miniature penetrometer, the 0.5 kg loading weight, and the positioning channel. (B) A view of the experimental apparatus in loading mode.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Normalized surface elevation and penetration measurements from five field soils in order of decreasing penetration results. The solid line with circle symbols represents a spline fit through surface elevations and the solid line with the triangle symbols represents a spline fit through penetration depths. In (A) and (C), the solid line represents a spline fit through wetting front measurements made after dismantling, and in (B), (D), and (E), the penetration depth was very similar (<1 mm) to the wetting front depth.

View larger version (131K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Photographs of the dismantled soil samples after penetration: (A) Glauconitic sediment of Ruston silt, (B) Grenada silt loam, (C) Forestdale silty clay, (D) Dubbs silt loam, and (E) Sharkey clay.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Normalized surface elevation and penetration measurements of a Sharkey clay soil that had a protective filter strip placed on the surface before simulated rainfall.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Normalized surface elevation and penetration measurements from a series of simulated rainfall events with a Sharkey clay soil: (A) after the first simulated rainfall, and (B) after the third simulated rainfall. The solid line represents the surface elevation before the simulated rainfall, the solid line with solid circle symbols represents the surface elevation immediately after the simulated rainfall before penetration, and the solid line with solid triangle symbols represents the final penetration depth.