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Soil Chemical and Physical Properties That Differentiate Urban Land-Use and Cover Types

^a USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, c/o Baltimore Ecosystem Study, 5200 Westland Blvd., Univ. of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21227
^b Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, Univ. of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250
^c Dep. of Mathematics and Statistics, Univ. of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250

View larger version (70K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. City of Baltimore showing 122 Baltimore Ecosystem Study Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) plots that were sampled for soil. The fall line between the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic provinces is shown as a solid line.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Vector diagram showing positive and negative correlations of 21 soil variables to the first and second canonical variates (Can var) derived from a canonical discriminant analysis procedure to discriminate plots by land use and cover in Baltimore. Highest correlating variables to the canonical variates are in bold type; OM = organic matter, Db = bulk density.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Scatter plot of first and second canonical variates (Can) of a canonical discriminant analysis procedure using 21 soil variables to discriminate plots by land-use type in Baltimore (R = residential, CT = commercial or transportation, IU = industrial or urban open, P = park or golf course, I = institutional, and F = forest). The first canonical variate was correlated to P, K, and bulk density and the second variate to pH. Piedmont plots are the solid symbols and the star sign, and the Coastal Plain plots are the open symbols and the plus sign.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Frequency histogram of canonical variate of a canonical discriminant analysis procedure using 21 soil variables to discriminate plots by geophysical province in Baltimore. Each bar represents the frequency of plots falling within a ±0.5 range of canonical coefficient values. The canonical variate was correlated to contents of Al, Co, V, and Ti.