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Soil Factors Influencing Suspended Sediment Flocculation by Polyacrylamide

^a Dep. of Soil Science, North Carolina State Univ., Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619
^b Dep. of Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

View larger version (37K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Map of North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) divisions of the state from which the samples were obtained. No sample was obtained from Division 10.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Turbidity reduction as a function of polyacrylamide (PAM) concentration for polymers with different properties: results for Subsoil 14, which was representative of soils with linear responses (Subsoils 5, 9, 12, 13, and 14). Figure shown in linear–log scale. Letters associated with selected data points indicate significant differences (P = 0.05); c.d. is charge density.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Turbidity reduction as a function of polyacrylamide (PAM) concentration for polymers with different properties: results for Subsoil 11, which was representative of soils with stabilizing responses (Subsoils 7 and 11). Figure shown in linear–log scale. Letters associated with selected data points indicate significant differences (P = 0.05); c.d. is charge density.

View larger version (32K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Turbidity reduction for subsoils with low or erratic responses as a function of input concentration for polyacrylamide (PAM) with different properties: (a) Subsoil 2, (b) Subsoil 3, (c) Subsoil 6, and (d) Subsoil 8. Each data point is the average of three replications. Figure shown in linear–log scale; c.d. is charge density.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Turbidity reduction as a function of polyacrylamide (PAM) concentration for polymers with different properties: results from Subsoil 4, which was representative of soils with poor responses (Subsoils 1 and 4). Letters associated with selected points indicate significant differences (P = 0.05). Figure shown in linear–log scale; c.d. is charge density.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationships between citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite (CBD)-extractable Fe and turbidity, sand, and kaolinite in soil samples.