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Exchangeable Cation Hydration Properties Strongly Influence Soil Sorption of Nitroaromatic Compounds

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824
^b USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., Ames, IA 50011

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. X-ray spectra of clay-sized fractions of the Webster soil series horizon A (1) and horizon B (2) saturated with Mg2+ were obtained using air dried films (s, smectite; m/i, mica and/or illite; k, kaolinite; q, quartz).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Sorption isotherms for p-nitrocyanobenzene (p-NCB) and 1,4-dinitrobenzene (1,4-DNB) by the K+–saturated Webster A horizon soil (WA) and soil fractions: carbonates removed (-CO3), carbonates and soil OM removed (-CO3–OM), and the residual sand + silt fraction remaining after removal of carbonates, OM, free FeOx and clay. Isotherms with different letters (a, b, c) are statistically different at p < 0.05.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sorption isotherms for p-nitrocyanobenzene (p-NCB) and 1,4-dinitrobenzene (1,4-DNB) by the K+–saturated Webster B horizon soil (WB) and soil fractions: carbonates removed (-CO3), carbonates and soil OM removed (-CO3–OM), and the residual sand + silt fraction remaining after removal of carbonates, SOM, free FeOx and clay. Isotherms with different letters (a, b, c) are statistically different at p < 0.05.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Sorption isotherms for sorption of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) by K+– and Mg2+–saturated Pahokee peat, Houghton muck, and Brookston loam, the Webster A and B horizon soils, and the fractions with OM removed. Isotherm labels with different letters (a–f) represent statistical difference at p < 0.05.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Sorption isotherms for sorption of p-nitrocyanobenzene (p-NCB) and 1,4-dinitrobenzene (1,4-DNB) by K+- and Mg2+–saturated Pahokee peat, Houghton muck, and Brookston loam. Isotherms with different letters (a, b, c, d, e) represent statistical difference at p < 0.05.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Sorption isotherms for p-nitrocyanobenzene (p-NCB) by K+–saturated reference clays (kaolinite, illite, beidellite, and montmorillonite). Isotherms with different letters (a, b, c, d) represent statistical difference at p < 0.05.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Sorption isotherms for p-nitrocyanobenzene (p-NCB) by clay-sized fractions of the Webster A horizon soil exchanged with various cations (Cs+, K+, Na+, Li+, Ba2+, Mg2+, or Ca2+).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Sorption isotherms for p-nitrocyanobenzene (p-NCB) by the Webster A horizon soil exchanged with various cations (Cs+, K+, Na+, Li+, Ba2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+).