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Applicability of Interfacial Theories of Surface Tension to Water-Repellent Soils

^a Dep. of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
^b Inst. of Soil Science, Univ. of Hannover, Germany

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Zisman plot (cosine of the experimentally derived contact angle, cosE, vs. the liquid–vapor surface tension, LV) for water and aqueous ethanol solutions. Filled and open points are for E measured by means of the Wilhelmy plate method (WPM) and the weight-gain capillary rise method (CRM), respectively. The dashed straight line and solid line for the logistic curve (Eq. [17]) were calculated from the combined data of WPM and CRM. The leftmost point in each graph represents the assumed data E = 0 for pure ethanol. OR = orange orchard cover soil; PN = pine cover soil; EP = eucalyptus cover soil; LCh and PCh = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with chloroform; and LEt and PEt = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with ethanol.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Neumann plot (LVcosE vs. LV, where LV is the liquid–vapor surface tension and E is the experimentally derived contact angle). Filled and open points are E measured by means of the Wilhelmy plate method (WPM) and the weight-gain capillary rise method (CRM), respectively. The logistic curves (Eq. [21]) were calculated from the combined data of WPM and CRM. The leftmost point in each graph represents the assumed data E = 0 for pure ethanol. OR = orange orchard cover soil; PN = pine cover soil; EP = eucalyptus cover soil; LCh and PCh = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with chloroform; and LEt and PEt = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with ethanol.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The interaction parameter, , as a function of the solid–liquid surface tension, SL. On each graph, the filled point represents the interaction parameter for water (w). OR = orange orchard cover soil; PN = pine cover soil; EP = eucalyptus cover soil; LCh and PCh = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with chloroform; and LEt and PEt = organic matter extracted from leonardite and sphagnum moss, respectively, with ethanol.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Prediction ability and sensitivity of (A) Eq. [10], (B) Eq. [12], (C) Eq. [15], and (D) Eq. [23] in predicting the experimentally measured contact angle, E, for water and aqueous ethanol solutions. The data is from the soil with eucalyptus cover. LV is the liquid–vapor surface tension.