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Antecedent Moisture Content and Aging Duration Effects on Seal Formation and Erosion in Smectitic Soils

^a Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50-250, Israel. A.I. Mamedov is currently at the National Soil Erosion Research Lab., USDA-ARS-MWA, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
^b National Soil Erosion Research Lab., USDA-ARS-MWA, West Lafayette, IN, 47907

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Moisture content at the upper 6 mm of the soil samples as a function of the amount of water added and aging duration. For each soil, the bar indicates a single confidence interval at P < 0.05.

View larger version (47K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Matric potential, expressed in pF units, at the upper 6 mm of the soil samples as a function of aging duration and the amount of water added. For each soil at a given aging duration, the bar indicates a single confidence interval at P < 0.05.

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Calculated runoff volumes from the 60-mm rain storms for the different aging periods as a function of soil type and amount of water added. For a giving aging period and within a soil type, columns labeled with same letter are not significantly different at P < 0.05. Within a soil, columns from left to right represent AMC derived from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 16 mm of water added.

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Measured total soil loss from the 60-mm rain storms for the different aging periods, as a function of soil type and amount of water added. For a giving aging period and within a soil type, columns labeled with same letter are not significantly different at P < 0.05. Within a soil, columns from left to right represent AMC derived from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 16 mm of water added.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of AMC (expressed as pF) on (a) runoff and (b) soil loss in 3- to 7-day aging duration. Runoff and soil loss data were fitted to the pF data by a polynom of the fourth order (r2 > 0.90, P < 0.01 in all cases). Bars indicate the least significant differences at P < 0.05. Means are significantly different where bars do not overlap.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Lowest measured soil loss from each soil (for the 2–4 mm of water added treatments) as a function of clay content for a given aging duration. Bars indicate two standard errors.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relative runoff or soil loss, expressed as the ratio of runoff or soil loss at a given aging duration to the runoff or soil loss at no aging (0.01 d). The ratios were calculated for the average runoff or soil loss data obtained from the 2, 3, and 4 mm of water added treatments. Bars indicate two standard errors.