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Culturable Escherichia coli in Soil Mixed with Two Types of Manure

^a Centre for Research on Environmental Microbiology, Univ. of Ottawa, Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M5
^b Land and Water Stewardship, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Culturable E. coli associated with manure addition to fresh soils. The bars represent the period (d) following manure addition to fresh soils for which the concentration of E. coli in the mixtures was larger than the initial concentration in the fresh soils.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in the number of culturable E. coli over time in fresh soils after manure amendment. Two soil types, sandy loam and silt loam, were amended with (C) liquid swine manure and () solid beef cattle manure (8 parts fresh manure to 92 parts dry weight soil). Number of E. coli in unamended soils was 5.1 log10 cfu in silt loam and 4.5 loge cfu in sandy loam. Bars represent one standard deviation from mean.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in the number of culturable E. coli over time in sterile soils after manure amendment. Two soil types, sandy loam and silt loam, were amended with (C) liquid swine manure and () solid beef cattle manure (8 parts fresh manure to 92 parts dry weight soil). Changes presented here were measured before stabilization of E. coli numbers (101 to 102 cfu 100 g–1 dry matter content of soil–manure mixtures) at 11 to 12 wk into the treatment. These stable levels were maintained for at least the 200 d of monitoring. Bars represent one standard deviation from mean.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Changes in the number of culturable E. coli in soils amended with manure after freezing at –15°C for 4 d. For delayed freezing, soils amended with manure were incubated at 4°C for 4 d and then frozen. For immediate freezing, soils were frozen immediately after addition of manure. Changes in the numbers of culturable E. coli in the manure-amended soils are calculated by subtracting the number of culturable E. coli after freezing from the number of culturable E. coli before freezing. Bars represent 95% CI; N = 4 for each treatment.