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Wildfire-Produced Charcoal Directly Influences Nitrogen Cycling in Ponderosa Pine Forests

^a Dep. of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
^b Division of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Nitrate concentrations during a 21-d aerobic incubation of fire excluded soil with and without 1% charcoal (w/w). Soils were moistened with a nutrient solution containing (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 and replicated samples removed at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d and analyzed for extractable NO3––N. Error bars represent ± one standard error of the mean (n = 5).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Nitrate concentration in subsurface soil (charcoal free Willow Creek soil, 89 yr since last fire) treated with 2 mL of a nutrient solution containing 1.5 mM (NH4)2SO4 and 1 mM KH2PO4 in factorial combination with charcoal (1% w/w) and phenol-rich A. uva-ursi litter extract (45 g phenolic compounds kg–1 soil) and incubated for 14 d. Error bars represent ± one standard error of the mean (n = 5). Bars with similar letters adjacent to them indicate a not significantly different at P < 0.05 as determined using a Tukey's multiple range test.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Nitrification potential in soils collected from 10 sites along a fire chronosequence in western Montana as influenced by the addition of charcoal (1% w/w). Error bars represent ± one standard error of the mean (n = 4). Bars with similar letters adjacent to them (for each pair of burned and unburned) are not significant different at P < 0.05 as determined using a Tukey's multiple range test.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Nitrification potential in soils collected from three grassland sites in western Montana and three forest sites in western Montana as influenced by the addition of charcoal (1% w/w). Error bars represent ± one standard error of the mean (n = 3). Bars with similar letters adjacent to them are not significant different at P < 0.05 as determined using a Tukey's multiple range test.