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Hydration Energy Determines Isovalent Cation Exchange Selectivity by Clay Minerals

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences and Environmental Science and Policy Program, 283 Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
^b Dep. of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Free energy changes computed during the simulated transformation of K+ Cs+ in the interlayer of a smectite clay.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. A thermodynamic cycle that allows cation exchange energies (top) to be assigned to clay-phase (left) and solution-phase (right) contributions at 298 K and 1 x 105 Pa (1 bar) pressure.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Thermodynamic cycle that describes cation exchange energies (top) for Na+ Cs+ exchange and quantifies the clay-phase (left) and solution-phase (right) contributions at 298 K and 1 x 105 Pa (1 bar) pressure.