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Adsorption of Polyacrylamide on Smectite, Illite, and Kaolinite

^a Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843-2474
^b current address: Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420

View larger version (98K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Settlement of smectite in the presence of (a) anionic PAM 836A, (b) nonionic PAM 903N, and (c) cationic PAM 494C. Six hours after mixing the polymers and clay suspension. Illite and kaolinite suspensions had similar responses to the polymer solutions as smectite suspension had.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Concentration of clay remained in suspension after settling for 6 h in the presence of (a) anionic PAM 836A, (b) nonionic PAM 903N, and (c) cationic PAM 494C.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of pH on the adsorption of (a) anionic PAM 836A, (b) nonionic PAM 903N, and (c) cationic PAM 494C on smectite, illite, and kaolinite.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Adsorption isotherms of (a) anionic PAM 836A, (b) nonionic PAM 903N, and (c) cationic PAM 494C on smectite, illite, and kaolinite.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Accumulative amount of desorbed polymers from clays by four consecutive water washing: (a) anionic PAM 836A, (b) nonionic PAM 903N, and (c) cationic PAM 494C.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) Ca-smectite, (b) anionic PAM 836A-smectite, (c) nonionic PAM 903N-Smectite, and (d) cationic PAM 494C-smectite after 4-h heating at each sequentially increased temperature.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Cation exchange capacities of smectite, illite, kaolinite, and their PAM complexes; and the amount of adsorbed Cu and Cr on the clays and complexes.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. X-ray diffraction patterns of glycerol solvated (a) Ca-smectite, (b) anionic PAM 836A-smectite, (c) nonionic PAM 903N-smectite, and (d) cationic PAM 494C-smectite.