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Characterizing Water Dependent Soil Repellency with Minimal Parameter Requirement

Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Dep. Suelos y Riegos, Apdo. 60 La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain

View larger version (81K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a, b) Location of the experimental site and sampling design: (c) random sampling for soil physicochemical properties, and (d) uniform for molarity of an ethanol droplet (MED) determinations.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean repellency curves, indicating the parameters selected for their description, (a) in terms of contact angle, ; or (b) surface free energy of the solid, s. Bars indicate 95% confidence interval. For repellency parameter definitions see caption in Table 2.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Probability plots of repellency parameters. Vertical axes show the expected value, Zpi.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Box-Cox normality plots of repellency parameters. Vertical axes show the correlation coefficient. For repellency parameter definitions see caption in Table 2.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Correlation of the repellency parameters g-max and g-min with the soil water retention parameters (a) wp and (b) fc.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Correlation of the integrated area below the repellency curve, S, with other repellency parameters such as the water content at maximum, g-max, and minimum repellency, g-min, and with soil organic matter content (OM).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Flow diagram of the strategy proposed for characterizing the repellency curve with a minimal number of determinations. IRDI: Integrative Repellency Dynamic Index; OM: organic matter; Se: surface area; fc and wp: water content at field capacity and wilting point, respectively. For repellency parameter definitions see caption in Table 2.