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Pedostratigraphy and Carbonate Accumulation in the Last Interglacial Pedocomplex of the Chinese Loess Plateau

^a National Lab. of Western China's Environmental Systems, MOE, Lanzhou Univ., Lanzhou 730000, China
^b Dep. of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State Univ., Upper Montclair, NJ 07043, USA

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Aridity (the ratio of evaporation to precipitation) and native vegetation distributions in the Chinese Loess Plateau.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The geographic variations of the S1 pedocomplex profiles from northwest to southeast across the Chinese Loess Plateau: all three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3) and two interbedding loess units (S1L1 and S1L2) are preserved at the Lanzhou and Dingxi sections; the S1L2 loess unit was annexed by the S1S2 paleosol development at the Qinan section and both the S1L2 and S1L1 loess units were annexed by later paleosol development at the Tianshui sections; the S1 pedocomplex at the Lantian section is a single composite paleosol profile.

View larger version (56K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Lanzhou Section: field-observed pedostratigraphy and laboratory data. Md (µm): median size; <10 µm (%): percentage of <10-µm fraction; <2 µm (%): percentage of <2-µm fraction; CaCO3 (%): percentage of carbonate; and : magnetic susceptibility (10–7 m3 kg–1). Three shaded strips (I, II, III) are paleosol zones (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3). Three dashed lines (1, 2, 3) indicate the relationship between carbonate concentration peaks and their lowered magnetic susceptibility within the three major magnetic susceptibility peaks corresponding to the three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3).

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Dingxi Section: field-observed pedostratigraphy and laboratory data. Md (µm): median size; <10 µm (%): percentage of <10-µm fraction; <2 µm (%): percentage of <2-µm fraction; CaCO3 (%): percentage of carbonate; : magnetic susceptibility (10–7 m3 kg–1); and fd: frequency-dependent susceptibility (%). Three shaded strips (I, II, III) are paleosol zones (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3). Three arrows within the three shaded strips indicate carbonate leaching and accumulation in the three paleosols.

View larger version (79K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Qinan Section: field-observed pedostratigraphy and laboratory data. Md (µm): median size; <10 µm (%): percentage of <10-µm fraction; <2 µm (%): percentage of <2-µm fraction; CaCO3 (%): percentage of carbonate; and : magnetic susceptibility (10–7 m3 kg–1). Three shaded strips (I, II, III) are paleosol zones (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3). The arrows indicate carbonate leaching and accumulation.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Tianshui Section: field-observed pedostratigraphy and laboratory data. Md (µm): median size; <10 µm (%): percentage of <10-µm fraction; <2 µm (%): percentage of <2-µm fraction; CaCO3 (%): percentage of carbonate; and : magnetic susceptibility (10–7 m3 kg–1). Three groups of arrows (associated with three dashed lines 1, 2, 3) indicate carbonate leaching and accumulation for all three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3).

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Lantian Section: field-observed pedostratigraphy and laboratory data. Md (µm): median size; <10 µm (%): percentage of <10-µm fraction; <2 µm (%): percentage of <2-µm fraction; CaCO3 (%): percentage of carbonate; and : magnetic susceptibility (10–7 m3 kg–1). The vertically shaded area indicates the chronological discord between parent material (older loess L2) and paleosol (later developed S1). The horizontally shaded area is carbonate accumulation zone for all three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2, S1S3).