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Phosphate Reactivity in Long-Term Poultry Litter-Amended Southern Delaware Sandy Soils

^a U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd. MS 465, Menlo Park, CA 94025, and Dep. of Plant and Soil Sci., Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717
^b Dep. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD 21218
^c Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717

View larger version (110K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The locations of two sampling sites (indicated by filled circles), and their relation to the Inland Bays Watershed in southern Delaware. This hillshaded relief map, which was created from a digital elevation model, was modified after http://www.udel.edu/FREC/spatlab/ (verified 7 Jan. 2005) from Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Delaware, with permission.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. A flow chart of the modified sequential inorganic P fractionation procedure. Each operationally defined inorganic P fraction with respect to specific extractant is shown in parentheses.

View larger version (163K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Electron microprobe images (117 x 117 µm2) of Al, Ca, P, Fe, Si, and S in Ev loamy sand and (b) in Pm sandy loam soils. The left image is a backscattered electron image (BSE) of the thin section. The brightest colors indicate concentration of high-Z (atomic number) elements.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (a) Energy dispersive x-ray spectrum of Region 2 in Fig. 2a, and (b) Energy dispersive x-ray spectrum of Region 4 in Fig. 2b.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Phosphorus adsorption on long-term poultry litter-amended soils. (a) Evesboro sandy loam (Ev); (b) Sassafras sandy loam (Sf); (c) Osier loamy sand (Os); and (d) Pocomoke loamy sand (Pm) as a function of pH and initial P concentrations (0.1–1.0 mM).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (a) Long-term (30-d) P desorption from long-term amended soils. (b) Long-term (30-d) Fe desorption from long-term amended soils. (c) Long-term (30-d) Al desorption from long-term amended soils. Ev, Evesboro sandy loam; Sf, Sassafras sandy loam; Os, Osier loamy sand; and Pm, Pocomoke loamy sand.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. (a) Short-term P desorption from chemically untreated and treated Evesboro sandy loam (Ev) soils. (b) Short-term desorption from chemically untreated and treated Sassafras sandy loam (Sf) soil. (c) Short-term desorption from chemically untreated and treated Osier loamy sand (Os) soil. (d) Short-term desorption from chemically untreated and treated Pocomoke loamy sand (Pm) soil.