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Mapping and Classification of Southwest Virginia Mine Soils

Dep. of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0404

View larger version (50K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Mine soil study area used in 1980 and 2002 at the head of the Powell River in Wise County, Virginia. The older (1980) mapping study was confined to lands directly affected by mining (highwall–bench–outslopes) and therefore did not develop mapping unit concepts for the relatively undisturbed forested sideslopes occurring between the four mined bench levels shown. The 2002 mapping area outlined above was extensively remined in the 1980s and 1990s, which resulted in drastic disturbance of the vast majority of the landscape.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Detailed Order 1 soil surveys of the map comparison box from Fig. 1, mapped using different criteria and methods in 1980 and 2002. This area matches the inset shown in Fig. 1. The 1980 mine soil landscape (A) clearly reflects the dominant narrow highwall–bench–outslope landforms typical of pre-SMCRA (Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977) steep slope mining techniques. The unmapped areas above and below the mining benches were relatively undisturbed. The post-SMCRA (B) landscape is comprised almost entirely of mine soils with <10% natural soil remaining. Description of the 1980 mapping criteria is given in Table 1 and the 2002 mapping legend in Table 5.