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HIGH-RESOLUTION MONITORING OF SURFACE-FLOW DEPTH WITH FREQUENCY-DOMAIN PROBES

Albert-Ludwigs Univ., Freiburg Institut für Bodenkunde und Waldernährungslehre (Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition), 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Cross-section of a ThetaProbe.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measuring frame used for field tests. Lateral water loss was prevented by aluminum sheets mounted to the sides of the frame and sealed to the soil with polyurethane foam.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between immersion depth and output signal of 255 points. Line of best fit was calculated using 6th order polynomial. The dashed line symbolizes the 95% confidence limit of individual points.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Dependence of water-level measurement precision on the electrical conductivity of the water.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Results of a field test. Top: Time series of the upslope water supply and surface discharge rate 2-m downhill. Bottom: Time series of water level with time resolution of 30 s. Each line represents the mean value of six probes mounted on one crossbar with a defined distance to the upslope supply (Fig. 2). The vertical bars represent the standard deviation of the water level at the respective points. The arrow points to an abrupt increase in water supply to reveal the lag in water level changes.