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Splash Projection Distance for Aggregated Soils

Theory and Experiment

^a INRA-Science du sol, B.P. 20619, 45166 Olivet CEDEX, France
^b IRD-Lab. BioMCo, Bât. EGER, INRA-INAPG, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
^c INRA-UMR INRA/ENSAR Sol, Agronomie & Spatialisation, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic side view of half of the splash sampler. All measurements are in centimeters and their origin is 0, the center of the device.

View larger version (174K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. View of the device used to restrain the rain to the source area.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Velocity distribution of the raindrops.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Integration scheme. Flux coming from the source cup (in gray) of radius R and center B, to point O at distance l from B is integrated over length a by considering the arc AA' of angle ß and radius l – a.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Radial distribution of the measured flux of splash deposition for four soils. R2 is the coefficient of determination.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Radial distribution of the measured flux of splash deposition for some fractions of (a) the sand and (b) the silt loam. The curves are the fitted equations.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Average splash lengths of the four studied soils as a function of size fraction. Only the values from fits with a determination coefficient > 0.65 and standard error < 20% of the value of were used.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Comparison of the values of average splash lengths from our data under rainfall simulations, and the data of Van Dijk et al. (2003) under natural rainfalls.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Soil surface conditions at the end of the splash experiments for (a) silt loam, (b) silty clay loam, and (c) clay loam.