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Seedling Root Growth as a Function of Soil Density and Water Content

^a Dep. of Forestry (0324), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
^b USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2400 Washington Ave, Redding, CA 96001
^c USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Lincoln University, Foster Hall, Room 208, Jefferson City, MO 65102
^d MeadWestvaco Corp., Forest Science Lab, Box WV, 180 Westvaco Rd. Summerville, SC 29483

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Soil strength of compacted soil columns as a function of bulk density (Mg m–3) and water content for four forest soils. Each point is the average of three strength measurements. Solid lines indicate that the linear relationship of soil strength as a function of volumetric water content for a particular bulk density level was significant (P = 0.1).

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Soil porosity changes resulting from compaction of four forest soils. Patterned aeration porosity bars denote aeration porosities <10%.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Least limiting water range (LLWR) of several forest soils depicts the field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), aeration porosity < 10% (AP), and soil strength > 2.0 MPa (SS) limit lines. Points on the graph represent seedlings grown at certain water contents and bulk densities. Dotted lines extrapolate limits beyond maximum soil bulk densities found in this study.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Root length density of shortleaf pine seedlings, loblolly pine seedlings, and ponderosa pine seedlings grown on (A) Clarksville, (B) Argent, (C) Dome, and (D) Cohasset soils, respectively, as a function of soil bulk density and water content.