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Review

Organic Matter Removal from Soils using Hydrogen Peroxide, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Disodium Peroxodisulfate

Institut für Bodenkunde und Pflanzenernährung, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weidenplan 14, D-06108 Halle, Germany

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Effect of added H2O2 volume on the efficiency of organic C removal from Welsh carbonate-free Madryn soil (•, 5.1% C) and Bodrwyn soil (, 4.3% C) using 6%(wt/wt) H2O2. (b) Organic C removal efficiency from bulk soils with increasing H2O2 concentration. Soils contained between 1.3 and 6.5% organic C. Sixty milliliters H2O2 were added equivalent to 0.08 g C. The samples were heated gently then boiled (data adopted from McLean, 1931a, 1931b).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Relation between the concentrations of residual organic C and oxalate-extractable Fe plus Al in fine (•, <0.2 µm) and coarse clay (, 0.2–2 µm) fractions of 12 acid subsoil samples with different mineralogy after treatment with 6% (wt/wt) NaOCl. (b) Relationship between the organic C loading of mineral surfaces and the amount of removable organic C (data adopted from Mikutta et al., 2004).

View larger version (288K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of oxide-free (dithionite–citrate-treated) Prassa-Kimolos bentonite (Greece), (b) oxide-free bentonite treated with 30% (wt/wt) H2O2 (6 h, 80°C) in the presence of 230 mg L–1 dissolved organic C. Bars represent 100 µm.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. X-ray diffractograms of Mg-saturated, glycerated, and oriented Fithian illite (I) (<2 µm) before and after treatment with 10% (wt/wt) H2O2 (Fithian illite: 85% illite, 15% mixed layers, kaolinite, quartz). The treatment was conducted in the presence of straw and manure (S, M, diam. 0.1 mm). Before treatment, organo–mineral associations (5% organic matter) were prepared by three drying and wetting cycles. Treatments: (a) no, (b) I + H2O2, (c) I + H2O2 + S, and (d) I + H2O2 + M.