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Porosity and Pore-Size Distribution in Cultivated Ustolls and Usterts

^a NPB 247A NPB, South Dakota State Univ., Box 2410C, Brookings, SD 57007-2141
^b USDA-ARS, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Bulk density means as a function of soil depth in (A) Ustolls and (B) Usterts of central South Dakota (USA). Standard errors for Ustolls (N = 6) were 0.032, 0.025, and 0.019 Mg m–3 at 0.02- to 0.07-, 0.15- to 0.20-, and 0.25- to 0.30-m depth, respectively. Standard errors for Usterts (N = 2) were 0.070, 0.053, and 0.071 Mg m–3 at 0.02- to 0.07-, 0.15- to 0.20-, and 0.25- to 0.30-m depth, respectively. *Significant (P < 0.05) difference in the orthogonal contrast between grass and cultivated soils. + Significant (P < 0.05) difference in the orthogonal contrast between no-till and till soils.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Very fine tubular macropore means as a function of soil depth in (A) Ustolls and (B) Usterts of central South Dakota (USA). Standard errors for Ustolls (N = 6) were 36, 34, 19, 25, and 44 at 0- to 0.05-, 0.05- to 0.20-, 0.20- to 0.40-, 0.40- to 0.60-, and 0.60- to 0.80-m depth, respectively. Standard errors for Usterts (N = 2) were 77, 65, 48, 50, and 29 at each depth interval respectively. *Significant (P < 0.05) difference between grass and cultivated soils. + Significant (P < 0.05) difference between no-till and till soils.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Air and water distribution in undisturbed and remolded soil at –1-m water potential in (A) Ustolls and (B) Usterts of central South Dakota (USA). Undisturbed-remolded x management interactions were not significant (P 0.05). In the top right corner, probability of differences between undisturbed and remolded sample means are reported for air-filled pore volume (AIR = pores of >0.030-mm diam.) and water-filled pore volume (WATER = pores of <0.030-mm diam.). Standard errors for air and water were 0.016 and 0.011, respectively, in Ustolls (N = 18). Standard errors for air and water were 0.036 and 0.021, respectively, in Usterts (N = 6).