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Kaolinite, Halloysite, and Iron Oxide Influence on Physical Behavior of Formulated Soils

^a Soil & Crop Sciences Dep., Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Falling head apparatus for hydraulic conductivity determination (Klute and Dirksen, 1986) with section of Lexan plastic tube with clay plug at the bottom and (b) snap-cap employed to convert leaching column to centrifuge tube.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction curves for (a) kaolinite and (b) halloysite utilized for bulk density and hydraulic conductivity investigations.

View larger version (126K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of (a) kaolinite and (b) halloysite fractionated clay samples.

View larger version (125K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Kaolinite transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs with ferrihydrite (FH) treatments: (a) 0% FH, (b) 10% FH, (c) 20% FH, and (d) 30% FH.

View larger version (123K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Halloysite transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs with ferrihydrite (FH) treatments: (a) 0% FH, (b) 10% FH, (c) 20% FH, and (d) 30% FH.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Bulk density versus gravitational forces for (a) kaolinite and (b) halloysite with 10 and 30% ferrihydryite additions to the clay.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Bulk density versus ferrihydrite content of kaolinite and halloysite mixed with various amounts of Fe oxide and centrifuged at 5519 x g.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Hydraulic conductivity vs. bulk density for (a) kaolinite and (b) halloysite with various amounts of ferrihydrite additions to the clay.

View larger version (47K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Bulk density vs. polyacrylamide added to kaolinite and halloysite as (a) nonionic polymer, (b) anionic polymer, and (c) cationic polymer.