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Diagnosis of Sulfur Deficiency in Soybean using Seeds

^a Crop Production & Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
^b Soybean Research Center of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA-CNPSo), Caixa Postal 231, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Sulfate-S distribution in the layers of (a) native Gerais soil, (b) native Sambaiba soil, and (c) cultivated Sambaiba soil. Bars indicate standard errors (n = 2).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Seed yield in relation to S application in the A horizon of the Gerais soil and the A and B horizons of the Sambaiba soil. The data represent the average values with standard error for six replications.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relative value of average S concentration in the leaves at each leaf position on the plant, at flowering (left), and S concentration at each leaf position on the S deficient and sufficient plants at the same time (right). The average S concentration was obtained from all S treatments in the A horizon of the Gerais and Sambaiba soils, and the concentration in the third leaf was taken as 100%. The S deficient plants were obtained from the 2.5 mg S kg–1 soil treatment in the A horizon of the Sambaiba soil, and the S sufficient plants were obtained from the 40 mg S kg–1 soil treatment in the A horizon of the Gerais soil. Bars indicate standard errors.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between S and N concentrations in the third leaf at flowering, and those in seeds at harvest.

View larger version (72K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Protein distribution in soybean seeds with different S concentrations. Arrows indicate compared subunits.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Nitrogen/S ratio in the third leaf at flowering and relative seed yield of soybean.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relative shoot dry weight and leaf color index at different S concentrations in the third leaf at flowering. Shoot dry weight with maximum S application in each tested soil was taken as control (100% reference).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Relative seed yield versus S concentration of the third leaf at flowering (left), and to seeds at harvest (right). The seed yield was relative to the highest seed yield at the maximum S application rate in the respective soils.