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Critical Coagulation Concentration of Paddy Soil Clays in Sodium–Ferrous Iron Electrolyte

^a Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-UR067–BP 5045 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
^b Land Development Dep., Paholyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
^c Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Route de St. Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
^d Lab. of Soil Science, Swiss Federal Inst. for Technology, EPFL-ENAC-ISTE, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction diagrams of <2-µm fraction.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Flocculation of Ca-clay in Na-Fe2+ electrolytes.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction diagram of (a) sedimented clay and (b) suspended clay for total electrolyte concentration (TEC) below the critical coagulation concentration (CCC), regardless of the electrolyte.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Flocculation of Ca-clay in Na-Ca electrolyte.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Flocculation of Na-Clay in Na-Ca electrolyte and (b) flocculation of Na-clay in Na-Fe2+ electrolyte.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of (a) Ca-clay in Na-Ca and Na-Fe2+ electrolytes and CCC of (b) Na-clay in Na-Ca and Na-Fe2+ electrolytes.