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Calcium Loss in Central European Forest Soils

^a Institute of Forest Ecology, Austrian Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Seckendorff Gudent Weg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria
^b Umweltgeowissenschaften, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
^c Chair of Soil Science, Technische Universität München, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Temporal variability of chemical soil properties at the Weilhartsforst plot in Upper Austria over 15 yr, (a) exchangeable Ca and (b) base saturation. Symbols are mean values, the error bar indicates the average standard deviation of the means.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Temporal trend of the Ca concentration in needles over time at the Weilhartsforst plot (n = 5) and in the growth region (n = 59; mean, minima, maxima). The horizontal line represents the Ca sufficiency threshold value according to Bergmann (1992).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Concentration of exchangeable Ca in the soil (0–10 cm) versus (a) Ca concentration of needles and (b) yield class. Data include 330 sampling sites on non-calcareous bedrock from the regular grid of the Austrian Forest Monitoring Program.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Calcium concentration of spruce needles at Coulissenhieb, data from Alewell et al. (2000b). The horizontal line represents the Ca sufficiency threshold value according to Bergmann (1992).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Temporal trend of the (a) Ca concentration and (b) molar Ca/Al ratios in the soil solution in the 20-cm depth at the Coulissenhieb site.