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Splash–Saltation of Sand due to Wind-Driven Rain

Vertical Deposition Flux and Sediment Transport Rate

Ghent University, Dep. Soil Management and Soil Care, Ghent Univ., Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Top view of the experimental set-up to determine the vertical deposition flux.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Vertical wind-velocity profiles measured at x = 6.0 m and y = 0.6 m at three different free-stream wind velocities u: wind velocity u as a function of height z. The symbols denote the observations.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Measured rainfall intensity I vs. wind shear velocity u* at different operating pressures p on the nozzles. The symbols denote the observations.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Kinetic energy KEz and momentum Mz of vertically falling raindrops vs. the mass of rainsplash S from splash cups.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Vertical deposition flux q vs. distance from the sample tray x for different combinations of wind shear velocity u* and kinetic energy KEz. The symbols denote the observations.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The sediment transport rate Q vs. the scaling factor of Eq. [15]. The data are derived from wind-driven rain experiments.

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Splash droplets with entrapped sand grains as trapped on vaseline-rubbed glass plates when u* was (a) 0.27 m s–1, (b) 0.39 m s–1, and (c) 0.50 m s–1.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. The sediment transport rate Q vs. the wind shear velocity u*. The data are derived from rainless wind experiments.