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Atmospheric Nitrate Deposition, Microbial Community Composition, and Enzyme Activity in Northern Hardwood Forests

^a School of Natural Resources & Environment, 430 E. University, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1115
^b School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological Univ., 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Distribution of the four northern hardwood sites along a 500-km climatic gradient in Michigan, USA. These stands span the geographic distribution of sugar-maple dominated northern hardwood forests in the upper Lake States region.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The influence of site and N addition on phenol oxidase activity in the forest floor. Means within a site with the same letter are not significantly different ( = 0.05). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (n = 9).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The influence of time and N addition on peroxidase activity in mineral soil. Means within a sampling time with the same letter are not significantly different ( = 0.05). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (n = 18).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The influence of N addition on microbial community composition in mineral soil. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (n = 36).