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Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Iron-, Manganese-, and Copper-Containing Synthetic Hydroxyapatites

^a Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843
^b NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX 77058
^c Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843
^d SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction patterns (CuK radiation) of Pure-, Fe12-, Fe25-, Mn11-, Mn24-, Cu12-, and Cu20-synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) materials (d-spacings in nanometers).

View larger version (155K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Backscattered electron image of Fe25-synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA). The dominant gray area contains Fe25-SHA spotted with white particles high in iron and low in calcium (Arrow 1). See Table 3 for chemistry of white particles. Pellet surface depressions are indicated by Arrow 2.

View larger version (151K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of SHA samples: (a) TEM of Mn11-SHA, Arrow 1 indicates elongated crystallite with rounded head, Arrows 2 indicate oval features, and Number 3 indicates energy dispersive spectrum site (Fig. 4). Particle with apatite (100) d-spacing 0.81 nm indicates Mn11-SHA crystallites have apatite structure; (b) TEM of Fe-enriched particle found in Fe25-SHA, Arrow 1 indicates energy dispersive spectrum site (Fig. 4).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Energy dispersive spectra of Mn11-synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) particles shown in Fig 3a (Arrow 3) and of an Fe-enriched particle shown in Fig. 3b (Arrow 1).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Overlay of experimental X-ray diffraction pattern (+) and Rietveld refinement calculated X-ray diffraction pattern (—) of pure-synthetic hydroxyapatite using CuK radiation. The lower line is the difference pattern between the experimental and calculated X-ray diffraction patterns.