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Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Rhizobia Isolated from Nodules of Clover Grown in a Zinc and Cadmium Contaminated Soil

^a Dep. of Natural Resource Sciences, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
^b USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of Cd on the growth of rhizobia isolated from nodules present on indigenous clover growing in both low and high metal soil, or from nodules of the plants used to determine the most probable number (MPN) of rhizobia in the high metal soil. Each point represents the average of three different measures of metal tolerance for each individual isolates. Identical results were observed for the three metal tolerance determinations, explaining the lack of error bars on both figures.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of Zn on the growth of rhizobia isolated from nodules present on indigenous clover growing in both low and high metal soil, or from nodules of the plants used to determine the most probable number (MPN) of rhizobia in the high metal soil. Each point represents the average of three different measures of metal tolerance for each individual isolates. Identical results were observed for the three metal tolerance determinations, explaining the lack of error bars on both figures.

View larger version (66K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Examples of BOX polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprint patterns of rhizobial isolates. Molecular size markers of lambda DNA digested with Hind III and Eco RI are: Lanes 1, 12, and 42 in Gel A, and 1 and 25 in Gel B. All the other lanes are BOX-PCR fingerprint patterns of clover rhizobia isolated from low metal polluted soil (Gel A) or high polluted soil (Gel B).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Dendogram derived from the analysis of fingerprint patterns showing the diversity among clover-nodulating Rhizobium recovered from nodules present on indigenous plants in the low metal soil (Group A), in the high metal soil (Group B) or from nodules present on plants used to determine the most probable number of Rhizobium in the high metal soil (Group C). The dendogram, based on the molecular distances between isolates, was produced by the minimum spanning tree method (Rohlf, 1973).