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Natural Isotopic Distribution in Soil Surface Horizons Differentiated by Vegetation

^a Dep. of Renewable Resources, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2E3
^b Soil and Water Sciences Program, Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521
^c Dep. of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
^d Dep. of Geography, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Differences in (a) 13C and (b) 15N values () among physical fractions and whole soil (WS) samples at the oak and pine lysimeters. Zero refers to WS and a positive difference corresponds to the given physical fraction being enriched in the heavier isotope as compared with WS; SA = sand + coarse and medium silt (5–2000 µm), FL = floatables (50–2000 µm), FS = fine silt (2–5 µm), and CL = clay (<2 µm). *indicates significance between physical fraction and WS at p = 0.10 and **at p = 0.05. Error bars represent standard errors.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Differences in 13C values () between chemical residues and samples before extraction at the oak and pine lysimeters. Zero refers to the original material before extraction and a positive difference corresponds to the given chemical residue being enriched in the heavier isotope as compared to the original material; LIT = litter, FL = floatables (50–2000 µm), FS = fine silt (2–5 µm), and CL = clay (<2 µm). *indicates significance between chemical residue and the original material at p = 0.10, **at p = 0.05, and ***at p = 0.01. Error bars represent standard errors.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Differences in 13C values () in samples before extraction and chemical residues between the oak and pine lysimeters with LIT = litter, FL = floatables (50–2000 µm), FS = fine silt (2–5 µm), and CL = clay (<2 µm). Note that all fractions for the pine were more 13C enriched than that for the oak, as represented by positive values on the graph. *indicates significance between vegetation types at p = 0.05, **at p = 0.01, and ***at p = 0.001. Error bars represent standard errors.