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Scale- and Rate-Dependent Solute Transport within an Unsaturated Sandy Monolith

Dep. of Environmental Sciences and Land Use Planning, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud, 2 Bte 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

View larger version (77K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of the equipped column (perspective and top view).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Local scale (top) and meso-scale (bottom) breakthrough curves (BTCs) during Exp. 7 (see Table 2). The six local scale BTCs were measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR) Probes 1 to 6 (see Fig. 1). Gray line shows the fitted BTC.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Local-scale dispersivity as a function of soil depth obtained by using the LSM method (Probes 1 to 6: squares, Probes 7 to 9: circles, and probes 10 to 12: triangles). Error bars show the standard deviation. For improving readability, the L values obtained from time domain reflectometry (TDR)-readings positioned at the same depth have been a slightly shifted on the depth-axis.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Local-scale velocities estimated at TDR6, TDR9, and TDR12, represented respectively by the first, second, and third bar for each experiment.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Local-scale dispersivities in terms of flow rate. Error bar shows the standard deviation obtained from observations at 12 different probe locations.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Local-scale velocity for TDR1 to 6 for 12 different flow rates. Figures refer to experiments number.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Meso-scale dispersivity versus depth. Circles represent the dispersivity obtained by the least square method (LSM) while squares those obtained by moment method (MM). Error bars show the standard deviation.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Meso-scale dispersivity at 0.75-m depth estimated by least square method (LSM) (squares), by moment method (MM) (triangles) and dispersivity estimated from outlet breakthrough curves (BTCs) at 1-m depth estimated by LSM (time sign) and MM (plus sign).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Meso-scale dispersivity vs. coefficient of variation of the local scale velocities squared. Triangles, squares and plus signs stand respectively for dispersivity estimated at 0.15-, 0.45-, and 0.75-m depth.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Meso-scale dispersivity estimated from Eq. [17] (closed circles, right axis) versus meso-scale dispersivity obtained from averaged BTCs. On the left axis, open circles represent the local scale dispersivity.