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Crop Residue Returns and Equilibrium Soil Organic Carbon in England and Wales

^a ADAS Research, Wergs Road, Wolverhampton WV6 8TQ, UK
^b National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, UK

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in soil organic C (SOC) modeled using CENTURY and RothC for the major soil groups under fallow. Roth C(——); CENTURY (- - - - - -) x axis = years from start of simulation; y axis = SOC g kg-1.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in soil organic C (SOC) in five soil types modeled using RothC growing cereals at three N inputs. Current fertilizer-N usage(——); Current fertilizer-N usage: -50 kg N ha-1(- - - -); Current fertilizer-N usage: -100 kg N ha-1 (......); High start sands (- · - · -); x axis = years from start of simulation; y axis = SOC g kg-1; (a) = silt, (b) = sand, (c) = clay, (d) = chalk, and (e) = light.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effects of predicted climate change on soil organic C (SOC) concentrations on five soil types in England and Wales. Current climate (——); warmer climate (-----) x axis = years from start of simulation; y axis = SOC g kg-1; (a) = silt, (b) = sand, (c) = clay, (d) = chalk, and (e) = light.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The relationship between clay content and soil organic C (SOC) concentration in 1261 agricultural soils in England and Wales. x axis = soil clay (<0.002 mm) concentration g kg-1; y axis = SOC g kg-1.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Predicted change in soil organic C (SOC) for soils well supplied with SOC, as affected by clay content. 150 g kg-1 clay with current fertilizer-N usage (—); 300 g kg-1 clay with current fertilizer-N usage (...); 450 g kg-1 clay with current fertilizer-N usage(- - -); 150 g kg-1 clay fallow (—); 300 g kg-1 clay fallow (...); 450 g kg-1 clay fallow(---); (a) fallow, (b) standard crop residue returns, x axis = years from start of simulation, y axis = SOC g kg-1.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Changes in soil organic C (SOC) under grassland predicted by RothC on five types in England and Wales. x axis = years from start of simulation, y axis = g kg-1 SOC; (a) = silt, (b) = sand, (c) = clay, (d) = chalk, and (e) = light.