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Evaluating Use of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Identifying Subsurface Flow Pathways

^a USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Animal Natural Resources Inst., Beltsville, MD 20705
^b Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
^c USDA-NRCS, Newtown Square, PA 19073
^d Advanced Geological Services, Malvern, PA 19355

View larger version (51K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Layout of the 7.5-ha watershed overlaid with the 25- by 25-m sample grid. Blocks with alphanumeric designations and infiltration capacity designations make up the stratified random sample of grid cells selected for soil moisture monitoring probes. The shaded rectangle in the southeast corner of the field site shows the 0.5-ha subsection that was used for soil moisture observation and flow verification. Soil core locations are designated by x's.

View larger version (76K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Ground-penetrating radar image with a digital trace of the first restricting layer, typically a clay lens (dotted line).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Omnidirectional semivariogram of the depth to the first continuous restricting layer for Block C03.

View larger version (91K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Contour (a) and surface (b) representations of the interpolated depth to the first continuous restricting layer for Block C03.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Omnidirectional semivariogram of the depth to the first continuous restricting layer for the 0.5-ha watershed subsection.

View larger version (79K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Topography of subsurface restricting layer in 0.5-ha watershed subsection and locations of soil moisture capacitance probes.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Volumetric water content data for surface sensors (0.1, 0.3, and 0.8 m deep) of probes BH3 (A top) and BH4 (A bottom), surface and subsurface sensors (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 m deep) for probe BL4 (B), surface and subsurface sensors (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 m deep) for probes BM4 (C) and BM3 (D).

View larger version (92K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Potential subsurface flow pathways (blue lines) identified with Arc/Info hydrologic tools. Stars indicate the location of soil moisture monitoring probes.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Omnidirectional semivariogram of the depth to the first continuous restricting layer for the entire 7.5-ha region.