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Electrochemical Water Splitting at Bipolar Interfaces of Ion Exchange Membranes and Soils

^a Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tri-State Univ., 1 University Ave., Angola, IN 46703
^b Dep. of Civil Engineering, Northwestern Univ., 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208

View larger version (47K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of water splitting within a bipolar ion exchange membrane (based on Strathmann et al., 1993).

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Inhibition of acid front with the anode encapsulated with an anion exchange membrane.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Accelerated water splitting at the bipolar itnerface of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) and low permeable soil possessing a significant net cation exchange capacity (CEC). The free pore solution is absent due to the electroosmotic flow towards the cathode, which is caused by the electromigration of cations on the surface of the soil.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Accelerated water splitting at the bipolar interface of a cation exchange membrane (CEM) and low permeable soil possesing a significant net anion exchange capacity (AEC). The free pore solution is absent due to the electroosmotic flow towards the anode, which is caused by the electromigration of anions on the surface of the soil.

View larger version (62K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Diagram of electrochemical testing cell.

View larger version (67K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Detail of ion exchange membrane sandwich. (typ.) = typical measurement.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Cell configuration. AEM = anion exchange membrane; CEM = cation exchange membrane; DW = deioinized water.

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Experimental setup.

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Pore diameters for dry samples of IONAC with and without Ottawa sand and talc.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. pH values in the ion exchange membrane sandwiches for mixtures of bentonite clay and Ottawa sand.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. pH values in the ion exchange membrane sandwiches for mixtures of talc clay and Ottawa sand.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. pH values in the ion exchange membrane sandwiches for mixtures of IONAC resin and Ottawa sand.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. pH values in the ion exchange membrane sandwiches for mixtures of IONAC, talc, and Ottawa sand.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 14. pH profiles for long-term experiments with a low permeable mixture comprised of 10% bentonite and 90% Ottawa sand.