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Construction and Performance of Large Soil Core Lysimeters

^a Dep. of Soil Science, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105-5638
^b USDA-CSREES-NRE, Washington, DC 20250-2210
^c Agronomy and Plant Protection Section, MN Dep. of Ag., St. Paul, MN 55107

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Plan view of the 65-ha field showing lysimeter installation locations (circles) and soil type.

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic of a completed lysimeter in the field showing the instrumentation consisting of time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveguides, ceramic candle vacuum extraction system, and gravity drainage system. Expanded sections shows detail of drainage collection systems and routing of leachate collection tubing.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Schematic of the steel cutting bit used to obtain the large undisturbed soil cores.

View larger version (131K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Core collection and lysimeter installation steps; (a) loading polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe into cutting bit; (b) hammering cutting bit into soil to collect core; (c) cutting off soil core; (d) leachate collection system (ceramic cylinder tension extractor); (e) placing the instrumented lysimeter below grade; (f) vacuum extractor leachate collection vessels.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Total yearly leachate amounts for undisturbed lysimeter extractor system (EXT) and extractor plus gravity (TOT), reconstructed lysimeter drainage (REC) and yearly applied water (APP). Values for undisturbed lysimeters are means of total drainage for 14 lysimeters in the irrigated portion of the field. REC and APP values are means for four lysimeters and rainfall and irrigation totals. Error bars represent the maximum and minimum totals.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Average and individual leachate NO3–N concentrations by week for 14 undisturbed lysimeters in the irrigated portion of the field (UND) and the four reconstructed lysimeters (REC). The error bars are attached to REC and indicate maximum and minimum means by date.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Average yearly soil water content with depth for undisturbed lysimeters measured with time domian (TDR).