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Rheology of Sodium-montmorillonite suspensions

Effects of humic substances and pH

^a Field Service, Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 28, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
^b Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Rheograms of Na-montmorillonite suspensions at a clay concentration of 25 g kg-1, and various pH values and humic acid (HA) concentrations.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The differential viscosity of Na-montmorillonite suspensions as a function of the shear stress at various humic acid (HA) concentrations and pH values: (A) pH = 4; and (B) pH = 6. Figures (a) and (b) present an enlargement of the area outlined in figures (A) and (B).

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The differential viscosity of Na-montmorillonite suspensions as a function of the shear stress at various humic acid (HA) concentrations and pH values: (A) pH = 8; and (B) pH = 10. Figures (a) and (b) present an enlargement of the area outlined in figures (A) and (B). A curve related to Ca-montmorillonite is individually indicated.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The differential viscosity of Na-montmorillonite suspensions as a function of the shear stress at various fulvic acid (FA) concentrations at pH = 8. Figure (a) presents an enlargement of the area outlined in figure (A).