HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Abstract Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Web of Science (1) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Russo, D. Articles by Gerstl, Z. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Russo, D. Articles by Gerstl, Z. GeoRef GeoRef Citation Agricola Articles by Russo, D. Articles by Gerstl, Z.

Numerical Analysis of Transport of Trifluralin From a Subsurface Dripper

^a Department of Environmental Physics and Irrigation, Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
^b Department of Environmental Physics and Irrigation, AGRA Earth & Environmental Ltd., 160 Traders Blvd. East, Suite 110, Mississauga, ON, L4Z 3K7 Canada
^c Department of Soil Physical & Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Scheme showing the simulation domain.

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Contours of the simulated pressure head, , in a vertical cross-section of the soil (parallel to the x1–x2 plane at x3 = 0.32 m) at the end of an irrigation event. Results are depicted for both the sandy (a) and the clayey (b) soils for Q = 2 l/h. The exterior contour corresponds to = -1 and -9.3 m of water for (a) and (b), respectively, and the corresponding contour increments are 0.02 and 0.5 m of water, respectively.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Contours of the simulated aqueous concentration, c, of trifluralin in a vertical cross-section of the soil (parallel to the x1–x2 plane at x3 = 0.32 m). Results are depicted for cdom = 0, t = 30 d and M0 = 30 mg, for the clayey soil (top) and the sandy soil (bottom) for two different values of the fraction of organic carbon in the soil, foc = 0.002 (left) and foc = 0.025 (right). The exterior contour corresponds to c = 10-7 kg m-3 and successive contours differ by a factor of 10.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Contours of the simulated aqueous concentration, c, of trifluralin in a vertical cross-section of the soil (parallel to the x–x2 plane at x3 = 0.32 m). Results are depicted for cdom = 0.1 kg m-3, t = 30 d and M0 = 30 mg, for the clayey soil (top) and the sandy soil (bottom) for two different values of the fraction of organic C in the soil, foc = 0.002 (left) and foc = 0.025 (right). The exterior contour corresponds to c = 10-7 kg m-3 and successive contours differ by a factor of 10.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Normalized degraded mass of trifluralin, Md/M0 as function of elapsed time, t. Note that Md/M0(t) is independent of soil type, fractin of organic C (foc), and cdom.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Normalized dissolved mass of trifluralin, M/M0 (in %) as functions of elapsed time for the clayey and the sandy soils, for various values of fraction of organic C (foc) and cdom.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Longitudinal (R1) component of the coordinate location of the trifluralin center of mass, relative to the position of the dripper (x1 = 25 cm) as functions of elapsed time for the clayey and the sandy soils and for various values of fraction of organic C (foc) and cdom.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Longitudinal (S11) and transverse (S22 and S33) components of the spatial covariance tensor of the trifluralin concentration as functions of elapsed time for the clayey and the sandy soils and for various values of fraction of organic C (foc) and cdom = 0.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Longitudinal (S11) and transverse (S22 and S33) components of the spatial covariance tensor of the trifluralin concentration as functions of elapsed time for the clayey and the sandy soils and for various values of fraction of organic C (foc) and cdom = 0.1 kg m-3.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. The fraction of the kinetically controlled adsorbed trifluralin neq, as functions of the elapsed time for the clayey and the sandy soils and for various values of fraction of organic C (foc) and cdom.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Positions of given trifluralin concentrations as functions of time relative to the position of the dripper (25, 32, and 32 cm) in the vertical plane (x1x2; x3 = 32 cm) parallel to the x1 axis, above (a and b) and below (c and d) the dripper, and in the horizontal plane (x2x3; x1 = 25 cm) parallel to the x2 axis (e and f), for two different values of fraction of organic C (0.002 and 0.025), M0 = 30 mg and cdom = 0.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Positions of given trifluralin concentrations as functions of time relative to the position of the dripper (25, 32, and 32 cm) in the vertical plane (x1x2; x3 = 32 cm) parallel to the x1 axis, above (a and b) and below (c and d) the dripper, and in the horizontal plane (x2x3; x1 = 25 cm) parallel to the x2 axis (e and f), for two different values of fraction of organic C (0.002 and 0.025), M0 = 30 mg and cdom = 10-7 kg m-3.